At a construction site, a civil engineer performs a variety of tasks, some of which are repetitious in nature. So, here are guide to some points, suggestions, and tips that a civil engineer should keep in mind for quick calculations and rapid answers to site challenges and problems.
Civil Engineering Useful Tips for Site Engineers
The following are some basic civil engineering tips to keep in mind when working on a construction site.
1.Nominal Concrete Mix and Concrete Class:
- M 10 – 1 : 4 : 8 Used as a Blinding Concrete
- M 15 – 1 : 3 : 6 Used as a Plain Concrete
- M 20 – 1 : 2 : 4 Used as a Reinforced Concrete
- M 25 – 1 : 1.5 : 3 Used as a Reinforced Concrete
- M 30 – 1 : 1 : 2 Used as a Reinforced Concrete
- M 35 and Above - Special Concrete (Design Mix)
2. Clear Cover To Main Reinforcement:
- Minimum: 20 mm (Varies from that depending upon Exposure condition and Fire Resistance) [Ref BS 8110:1997]
3. Maximum free fall of concrete:
- 1.50 m
4. Useful Notes on Cement
- Weight of cement Bag 50 Kg
- Volume of Cement Bag 35 Litres (0.035m3 )
- Density of Loose Cement 1440 Kg /m3
- Specify Gravity of cement 3.15
- One meter cubic of cement equal to 29 Cement Bags
- Cement Strength Class for OPC is 32.5N, 42.5N and 52.5N
5. Round steel bar and it's weight per one bar (12m Long)
- 8mm - 4.736 Kg
- 10mm - 7.4 Kg
- 12mm - 10.67 Kg
- 16mm - 18.96 Kg
- 20mm - 29.63 Kg
- 25mm - 46.30 Kg
- 32mm - 75.85 Kg
- 40mm - 118.52 Kg
6. Number of Round steel bar per Tonne
- 8mm - 211
- 10mm - 135
- 12mm - 94
- 16mm - 53
- 20mm - 34
- 25mm - 22
- 32mm - 13
- 40mm - 8
7. Setting Time of concrete:
- Initial setting time should not be less than 30 minutes.
- Final setting time should not be greater than 10 hours.
8. Standard Plaster Thickness:
- Inner plaster work : 10-12mm
- Outer plaster work: 15-20mm
- Ceiling plaster work: 6-8mm
9. Allowable wastage for construction materials
- Cement - 2%
- Concrete - 2 to 3%
- Sand - 7 to 10%
- Tiles - 10%
- Aggregate - 3 to 5%
- Bricks - 5%
- Steel - 3 to 5%
10. Strength development of concrete made with local materials no admixtures:
Age (Days) Strength development (% of 28 days strength)
1 15%
3 40%
7 65%
14 85%
28 99.99%
11. Basic Unit of Measurements at site:
1 Meter 100 Centimeter
1 Centimeter 10 Millimeter
1 Inch 0.0254 Meter
1 Foot 0.03048 Meter12. Unit Weight of most used materials:
25.4 Millimeter 1 Inch
30.48 Centimeter 1 Foot
12. Unit Weight of most used materials:
- Concrete (PCC) - 2400 Kg /m3
- Steel - 7850 Kg /m3
- Concrete (RCC) - 2500 Kg /m3
- Water - 1000 Kg /m3
- Glass - 2530 Kg /m3
- Cement - 1440 Kg /m3
- Sand - 1600 to 1840 Kg /m3
13. Normal Cross Fall
The normal cross fall for paved carriageway on tangent sections and on very flat curves with large radii, shall be:
- Asphalt concrete surfaces 2.5%
- Surface dressing surfaces 3.0%
- Stone paved surfaces 3.0%
- Gravel and earth surfaces 4.0%
14. Cube Samples:
- 1 – 5 m3 : 1 No.
- 6 – 15 m3 : 2 No..
- 16 – 30 m3 :3 No.
- 31 -50 m3 : 4 No.
- Above 50 m3 : 4 + 1 no. of addition for each 50 m3.
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Conclusion
The "Useful Civil Engineering Tips For Site Engineers" guide is a helpful resource that help you to solve site challenges quick.
Hope this article will be helpful for you.
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